Russell, personal communication, July 8, 2009). These typically utilize a reference image, which is compared to the image currently being picked up by the camera, in order to detect whether the image has changed significantly (J.

Certain types of motion sensors can be incorporated directly into a CCTV camera. Motion sensors or Video Motion Detection (VMD). At the central monitoring station, an additional alarm may draw the dispatcher’s attention to the relevant camera images.

For example, if a bank teller triggers a panic alarm, the bank’s cameras can be programmed to zoom in on his or her location and begin recording immediately. However, CCTV systems can be integrated with a wide variety of sensors from other systems, including intrusion detection, access control, and fire detection. The majority of CCTV sensors are not incorporated into the camera unit itself. For this reason, additional sensors are usually integrated into a CCTV system: However, human eyes alone are not the most reliable detectors when it comes to CCTV systems ( Garcia, 1999), particularly when they may be focused on up to 16 images on a single monitor. Closed-circuit television cameras themselves can be considered sensors because they receive visual images and transmit them back to the central monitoring station.

Alarm central station monitoring